Leprosy Museum

In the historic city of Bergen, Norway, lies the Leprosy Museum, also known as St. Jørgen's Hospital. The museum offers a unique glimpse into a world that many have forgotten. This museum is not just a collection of artifacts but a poignant reminder of a time when leprosy, a disease shrouded in mystery and fear, had a significant impact on society. With its rich history and connection to groundbreaking medical discoveries, the museum raises an essential question: is it really a place worth visiting?

In this article, we'll explore the story behind St. Jørgen's Hospital, delve into the nature of leprosy, and uncover the discoveries made by Dr. Hansen within the museum's walls. We'll also recap society's historical view of leprosy patients, and understand Bergen's crucial role in leprosy research. 

Finally, we'll assess whether a visit to the Leprosy Museum is worth your time and what other attractions you can enjoy in Bergen.

What's the story behind St. Jørgen's Hospital?

St. Jørgen's Hospital, established around 1400, is one of the oldest leprosy hospitals in Northern Europe. It served as a sanctuary for those afflicted by leprosy, providing care and a sense of community during a time when the disease was both feared and misunderstood. 

The name "St. Jørgen's Hospital" comes from the Norwegian name for Saint George, who is often associated with hospitals and care for the sick in Christian tradition. The hospital served as a leprosy hospital until the 20th century and became a key site for studying the disease, particularly under the work of Dr. Hansen, who discovered the bacterium causing leprosy (more about that later).

If you want to learn more about the Leprosy Museum and the rich history of Bergen, I can recommend the Bergen Through Time audio walk which takes you by this and many other attractions. 

What is leprosy?

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes, leading to severe disfigurement and disability if left untreated. Despite its fearsome reputation, leprosy is not highly contagious and can be effectively treated with antibiotics today. The skull below is from a leprosy patient. 

The skull shows clear signs of advanced leprosy, particularly in the facial bones. The nasal structure appears severely damaged due to bone resorption, a common effect of the disease. The upper jaw shows significant erosion, leading to tooth loss and deformation, while irregular bone growth and disfigurement around the mouth are evident, reflecting the chronic and destructive impact of untreated leprosy on the skeletal system.

People with leprosy showed noticeable symptoms that varied in severity. They often had discolored skin patches, nodules, or thickened plaques, leading to facial deformities like swollen or drooping features, and loss of eyebrows and eyelashes. Nerve damage resulted in muscle weakness and loss of sensation in the hands, feet, and face, causing injuries and infections. Fingers and toes might become clawed, and severe cases could show deformities such as a collapsed nose, blindness, and limb loss. 

How did society view leprosy patients in the past?

Historically, leprosy patients were often stigmatized and ostracized due to fear and misconceptions about the disease. Many believed it to be a punishment for sin or a hereditary curse, leading to widespread discrimination. Patients were isolated in leprosy hospitals like St. Jørgen's, where they lived separate from society. The museum sheds light on these social attitudes and the efforts to change perceptions through education and medical advancements.

What did Dr. Hansen discover at the museum?

Dr. Gerhard Armauer Hansen (above) was a Norwegian physician who made a groundbreaking discovery at St. Jørgen's Hospital in 1873. He identified the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae as the causative agent of leprosy, making it the first disease to be attributed to a specific bacterial pathogen. This discovery laid the foundation for modern bacteriology and transformed the understanding and treatment of infectious diseases. 

What can you see at the Leprosy Museum?

Visitors to the Leprosy Museum can explore a range of exhibits that provide insights into the lives of leprosy patients and the history of the disease. The museum houses personal belongings, medical instruments, and archival records that tell the stories of those who lived and worked at St. Jørgen's Hospital. The preserved wards and rooms offer a haunting yet fascinating glimpse into the past, allowing visitors to connect with the human side of this historical narrative.

What role did Bergen play in leprosy research?

Bergen became a center for leprosy research in the 19th century, largely due to Dr. Hansen's work. The city's hospitals, including St. Jørgen's, provided a unique opportunity to study the disease and its effects on patients. Bergen's contribution to leprosy research helped to shift the global understanding of the disease from superstition to science, paving the way for more humane treatment and eventual eradication efforts.

How to get to the Leprosy Museum

The Leprosy Museum is conveniently located in Bergen, making it easily accessible for visitors. You can reach the museum by foot from the city center or take a short bus or taxi ride. Nearby attractions include the Bryggen Wharf, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and the vibrant Fish Market, offering plenty of options for a full day of exploration. 

Is it worth going to the Leprosy Museum?

Visiting the Leprosy Museum offers a unique and educational experience, but it may not be for everyone. If you have an interest in medical history, societal issues, or the human stories behind historical events, this museum provides a compelling visit. However, it is also rough being reminded of the many ill-fated victims of this disease. Thus, for those seeking more traditional tourist attractions, I'd suggest exploring the city's natural beauty and cultural landmarks.

What else can I do in Bergen?

Bergen is a city rich in history and culture, offering a wide range of activities for visitors. Beyond the Leprosy Museum, you can explore the picturesque streets of Bryggen, take a funicular ride to Mount Fløyen for panoramic views, or visit the KODE Art Museums for a dose of culture. The city's vibrant music scene, delicious seafood, and charming atmosphere make it a must-visit destination in Norway.

To truly appreciate Bergen and its historical significance, consider using the StoryHunt app. With StoryHunt you can explore the city's hidden gems and uncover stories that bring the past to life. If you want to learn more about the Leprosy Museum and the rich history of Bergen, I can recommend the Bergen Through Time audio walk.